To digitalize an image is to acquire or transform in a digital format so that it can be visualized and edited using computer systems. The three most commonly used methods right now for digitalizing images are: digital cameras, graphics tablet and scanners
Graphics tablet

The graphics table is a peripheral that allows you to draw directly onto the computer as if drawing with a pencil on paper.
Scanner

The scanner is an input peripheral which allows to digitalize a flat image such as a document, photograph, etc.
How to do screen captures